Erowid Center is now a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational charity.
Help make our start a success by making a tax-deductible donation!


Ayahuasca Basics
by Erowid




AYAHUASCA IMAGES
DESCRIPTION
Ayahuasca is a term most commonly used to describe a combination of plants and/or chemicals usually consisting of at least some harmala alkaloids and some N,N-DMT. The word 'ayahuasca' is from the Quechuan language and is used for both the harmala-containing vine Banisteriopsis caapi and the medicinal/divinatory brew made from it. The brew is a traditional South American preparation most commonly combining the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (harmaline/harmine as MAOI) and Psychotria viridis leaves (DMT). This combination is important because N,N-DMT is broken down quickly in the body by the Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO) enzyme and so it is not orally psychoactive unless combined with an MAO-Inihibitor, such as the harmala alkaloids.

Ayahuasca is traditionally prepared by boiling or soaking the stems of B. caapi along with various admixture plants, most commonly the N,N-DMT containing leaves of the Psychotria viridis bush. The traditional brews can also contain many other plants including tobacco, brugmansia, datura, and a long list of others.

Outside the amazon basin, in cities around the world, ayahuasca is prepared with a wide variety of ingredients including pure chemicals (sometimes called 'pharmahuasca') or the root bark from mimosa hostilis/tenuiflora (sometimes called 'mimosahuasca'), and often the seeds of Perganum harmala (Syrian Rue) as a source of MAO-inhibiting harmala alkaloids. Ayahuasca is known for its tendency to induce vomiting in many users, its rich & complex visual effects, its reported healing spiritual healing properties, and its powerful mind-changing entheogenic effects.
[ Main Ayahuasca Vault ]

Dose
As the dosage of ayahuasca increases, the effects become stronger and more intense and at a certain point most people just black out and dont remember much of the experience.

Price
Ayahuasca brew is almost never for sale in the general underground market, but is sometimes sold or distributed within small networks of people. Component plant materials are available for a wide range of prices.

Law
While none of the standard plant constituents of Ayahausca are specifically controlled in the United States, N,N-DMT is Schedule I in the U.S. and in most countries. As a DMT containing preparation, Ayahuasca is generally considered to be illegal. Harmaline and Harmine are not scheduled in the U.S., but are schedule III in Canada. We are not aware of any other countries in which Hamine or Harmaline are scheduled. Religious use of ayahuasca was specifically allowed by Brazil's Supreme Court in the late 1980s.

Active Ingredients
Some south american shaman have said that the 'true spirit' of ayahuasca is in the B. caapi vine which contains the MAOI harmala alkaloids. They say that the DMT containing plants are primarily used to give the visions more color and depth, but are not the primary force of the message. Others argue that DMT is the dominant part of the brew as it is a far more psychoactive substance than a harmala alkaloid by itself.

Production


History
Harmaline was first isolated from Syrian Rue seeds in 1841 and the first Western record of the psychoactive effects of B. caapi (in Peru) was made in 1851. Several reports were published in the mid-Nineteenth Century about the use of B. caapi. In 1922-1923 a film of traditional yage ceremonies was shot and then shown to the annual American Pharmaceutical Association meeting. The popularization of Ayahuasca in writing and media during the late 20th Century has lead to many North Americans and Europeans travelling to South America to take ayahausca in "traditional" settings, creating a new industry around this "entheotourism". This industry helped cause a major shift in how ayahuasca use is viewed in its native lands. By the late 1990s, Ayahuasca brews begain being sold by street vendors in glass bottles in some cities in South America.

Slang
The Substance: Ayahuasca, Pharma-huasca (with purified DMT and Harmala), Huasca, Yagé, Caapi, Vine
The Experience: tripping, la purga (the purge)


EFFECTS
Onset
Depending on how much and how recently one has eaten and individual variation, effects begin between 20 and 60 minutes after ingestion.

Duration
With lower doses, effects last shorter, larger doses last longer, with the range being from 2-6 hours of peak effects with 1-8 hours after of lingering effects, depending on dosage and individual user variation.

Visuals



PROBLEMS
There are few, if any, serious injuries or deaths associated with ayahuasca use, but it is quite possible to hurt oneself with it . Because one of the major components of Ayahuasca is an MAOI, which acts to inhibit a key enzyme in your body responsible for processes in the brain and throughout the body, it is possible to have severe negative reactions to Ayahuasca. Take care to find out about MAOI interactions with prescription medications and with certain foods before attempting any use.

When an MAOI is combined with a wide array of over the counter, prescription, or black market drugs, the results can be very unpleasant or fatal. There are pages on the net devoted to discussions of foods and drugs which are contraindicated with any MAOI use.

Also, as with any intense psychedelic, ayahuasca can precipitate short or long term changes in personality or catalyze psychotic or neurotic episodes.

Contraindications


Addiction Potential



Last Modified - Tue, Apr 24, 2007 Created by Erowid

[ Back to Ayahuasca Vaults ] [ Back to Psychoactive Chemical Vaults ]
[Plants & Drugs] [Mind & Spirit] [Freedom & Law] [Arts & Sciences] [Library] [Search] [About]
(content and html © 1995-2008 Erowid.org. Please ask permission before publicly reproducing.)
Erowid.org Plants & Drugs Mind & Spirit Freedom & Law Arts & Sciences Search About Erowid and Feedback Library & Bookstore Copyrights Memberships